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Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

Sedimentary organic matter accumulation provinces in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic: insights from multiple bulk proxies
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Carreira, Renato S.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Rozo, Laura

; Martins, Dayanne

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Vieira, Danilo C.

; Massone, Carlos G.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Supl. 3 elocation e23030

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract The organic matter (OM) of surface sediments (0–2 cm) from the Santos Basin was characterized by employing elemental (C, N, P), isotopic (δ 13C and δ 15N), biochemical (total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids), and pigment (chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments) proxies, as part of the Santos Project – The Santos Basin Regional Environmental Characterization (PCR-BS) – coordinated by PETROBRAS. Samples were collected in a regional scale throughout the entire basin, including 11 isobaths from eight cross-margin transects ranging from 25 to 2,400 m water depths, and 12 additional samples obtained from the São Paulo Plateau. The aims of this study were two-fold, namely, to identify the major oceanographic and depositional processes driving OM transport and accumulation and to provide information on OM origin and availability to benthic secondary producers. The multiple employed proxies and the use of machine learning allowed to categorize distinct OM accumulation provinces displaying two major regional features: shallow sediments (< 50-m isobaths) are OM-poor (TOC < 2.0 mg g -1) but the available amount is readily hydrolysable, and mid-shelf deposits (75-m and 100-m isobaths) throughout the entire basin present muddy and OM-rich sediments (TOC ranging from 7.0 to 14.0 mg g-1) seemingly available to heterotrophs. Similarly, relatively OM-rich deposits are found at depths ranging from 700 to 1,300-m isobaths throughout the basin, but their composition and nutritional value (as suggested by biochemical indicators) are not related to mid-shelf deposits. The general overview of OM accumulation and composition provided herein validated the selected organic geochemical proxies for benthic ecology studies at the shelf and deep ocean sectors of the studied region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22061rsc

The mysterious oil spill in the northeastern coast of Brazil: tracking offshore seawater and the need for improved vessel facilities
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Carreira, Renato S

; Zanardi-Lamardo, Eliete

; Massone, Carlos G

; Araujo, Moacyr

; Nobre, Paulo

; Yogui, Gilvan T

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 elocation e22007

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract A scientific cruise between November 15 and December 18, 2019 aboard R/V Vital de Oliveira collected offshore seawater samples at 59 stations between the states of Ceará and Bahia. The objective was to identify hydrocarbon levels potentially associated with the mysterious oil spill that reached the northeastern coast of Brazil. Median concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs, 0.79 µg L-1) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 5.39 ng L-1) do not indicate contamination by crude oil and are comparable to baseline levels previously found in other areas of the Brazilian continental margin. The detailed composition of both groups of hydrocarbons revealed that some samples were contaminated during sampling and/or handling on-board. The data set presented herein highlights the difficulty in tracking small oil patches spread over a huge ocean area and, more importantly, the need for improving protocols of national research vessels used to collect seawater samples for trace organic analyses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.21079rsc

PAHs impacts on aquatic organisms: contamination and risk assessment of seafood following an oil spill accident
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MELO, PAMELLA TALITA S.

; TORRES, JOÃO PAULO M.

; RAMOS, LEONARDO R.V.

; FOGAÇA, FABÍOLA HELENA S.

; MASSONE, CARLOS G.

; CARREIRA, RENATO S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20211215

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Oil spills, intrinsically related to the petroleum production chain, represent a risk to the marine environment and a potential threat to humans through seafood consumption. We revised the NE Brazil oil spill and other accidents along the Brazilian coast, with a focus on seafood contamination, covering topics such as bioaccumulation, bioaccessibility, and risk analysis. Comprehensive knowledge of the impacts of spills helps in the interpretation of the dynamics of hydrocarbons released into the sea, contributing to actions to control their negative impacts. Currently, no legal limits have been established permanently in Brazil for PAHs in seafood edible tissues.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211215

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Analyses in Marine Tissues Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) in Tandem with In-Cell Purification and GC MS
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Pinheiro, Camilla V. G

; Carreira, Renato S

; Massone, Carlos G

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Dez 2021, Volume 32 Nº 12 Páginas 2153 - 2159

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The aim of this research was the replacement of conventional sample extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in tissue samples for a reliable, fast and eco-friendly procedure. The method was developed using a pressurized solvent extraction method and assessing two different standard reference materials (fish and mussel) and freeze-dried and fortified sardine samples (Sardinella sp.). Five different extraction procedures were evaluated and the best performance comprised 1 g of lyophilized tissue, 5 g of deactivated (5%) silica, a dichloromethane:methanol (4:1 v/v) mixture, a temperature of 80 °C, three cycles, 10 min of static time and 90 s of purge time. The method selected following these tests was further validated through the analysis of nine replicates of the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) reference material No. 2976, resulting in an effective recovery of 83 ± 14%. The means and uncertainties attained for each PAH were equivalent to those of the reference material, corroborating the reliability of the developed method. A shorter processing time, less use of solvents and reagents and lower extract manipulation produced an effective method aligned with green-chemistry guidelines.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210107

Estuary Adjacent to a Megalopolis as Potential Disrupter of Carbon and Nutrient Budgets in the Coastal Ocean
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Lazzari, Letícia

; Wagener, Angela L. R.

; Farias, Cássia O.

; Baêta, Aída P.

; Mauad, Cristiane R.

; Fernandes, Alexandre M.

; Paranhos, Rodolfo

; Carreira, Renato S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Out 2016, Volume 27 Nº 10 Páginas 1750 - 1765

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The goals were to estimate nutrients and carbon flow rates between Guanabara Bay and the adjacent coastal waters, to characterize the provenance of the exported/imported organic matter. Samples were collected from different depths over 25 h in two seasons at the bay entrance. Measurements included physicochemical parameters, nutrients, chlorophylls, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition, sterols in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bacterioplankton. Most variables showed higher values in ebb tide events. The flow rates calculated on daily basis and estimated on annual basis revealed the exportation to the continental shelf of 1.27 × 104 kmol year-1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), 9.52 × 102 kmol year-1 dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), 2.65 × 104 t year-1 DOC, 1.96 × 104 t year-1 POC, and 2.96 × 104 t year-1 PN. The estimates show the bay contributes with 0.01% of the total global carbon influx to the ocean.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20160056 653 downloads

Historical evolution of organic matter accumulation in a coastal bay in the SW Atlantic, Brazil: use of sterols and n-alcohols as molecular markers
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Richard, Eduardo C.

; Hamacher, Cláudia

; Farias, Cássia O.

; Dore, Marina P.

; Ribeiro, Natália C. M.

; Passos, Michelle A.

; Martinho, Plinio F.

; Godoy, José M.

; Carreira, Renato S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Ago 2014, Volume 25 Nº 8 Páginas 1380 - 1390

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os processos de deposição e preservação de matéria orgânica (OM) em sedimentos da Baía de Ilha Grande, sudoeste Atlântico, foram avaliados através de análise elementar (C e N) e de marcadores moleculares (esteróis e n-alcoois). Foram analisadas amostras de quatro testemunhos datados, representando diferentes níveis e tipos de influência antrópica. A concentração total de esteróis variou de 71 a 9.320 ng g-1, com predomínio de 24-etil-colesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 24-etil-colest-5-en-3β-ol e 24-etil-5a-colest-3β-ol. Entre os n-alcoóis, com concentrações totais entre 130 a 15.407 ng g-1, houve predomínio de compostos de cadeia longa (> C22). A confirmação da origem terrestre ou marinha dos marcadores moleculares selecionados foi realizada por análise de componentes principais (PCA). A PCA revelou, ainda, tendência e eventos que influenciaram o acúmulo de OM nas últimas décadas, como o aumento na ocupação humana na região e a remoção de uma floresta de manguezal ocorrida entre 1940 e 1960. A ausência ou baixa contaminação fecal foi revelada através do esterol coprostanol e índices associados.

The deposition processes and preservation of organic matter (OM) in the sediments of Ilha Grande Bay, SW Atlantic, were evaluated based on elemental composition (C and N) and molecular markers (sterols and n-alcohols). Samples from four dated sediment cores, representing distinct levels and type of human influence, were analyzed. The concentration of total sterols ranged from 71 to 9,320 ng g-1, with 24-ethyl-cholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 24-ethyl-cholesta-5-en-3β-ol and 24-ethyl-5a-cholesta-3β-ol as the most abundant compounds. The n-alcohols, with a total concentration between 130 and 15,407 ng g-1, were dominated by long-chain compounds (> C22). Assignments of the selected markers to terrestrial or marine sources were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The trends and events that influenced the OM accumulation in the last decades were also revealed by the PCA, as the increasing human settlement in the region and the removal of a mangrove forest occurred between 1940 and 1960. The absence or low level of sewage contamination was indicated by the sterol coprostanol and associated indexes.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140120 1417 downloads

Reconstructing historical changes in combustion patterns by means of black carbon and pah evaluation in dated sediments from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro
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Mauad, Cristiane R.

; Wagener, Angela de L. R.

; Farias, Cássia de O.

; Ruiz, Naira M. S.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Vasconcelos, Crisógono

; Godoy, José M.

; Menezes, Sonia M. C. de

; Scofield, Arthur de L.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Nov 2013, Volume 24 Nº 11 Páginas 1818 - 1831

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O histórico de acumulação em sedimentos de produtos de combustão produzidos na área metropolitana ao redor da Baía de Guanabara foi avaliado através de black carbon (BC) e hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) como indicadores. A concentração de BC variou de 0,23-0,51%, com uma tendência crescente de acúmulo de massa ao longo dos últimos 118 anos, mas a proporção BC/carbono orgânico caiu nos últimos 30 anos, possivelmete reflexo de eutrofização. Observaram-se as maiores concentrações de HPAs pirolíticos nos períodos entre 1925 e 1976, condizendo com o período subsequente de desmatamento, urbanização e industrialização que ocorreu na bacia da Guanabara. Estes HPAs foram melhor caracterizados pelo índice diagnóstico BFl/(BFl+BePy). Os dados obtidos permitiram caracterizar os principais eventos que influenciaram o padrão dos produtos de combustão: queima de biomassa e de derivados de petróleo, a crise econômica nos anos 1970 e 1990 e a entrada de etanol na matriz energética brasileira.

The accumulation history of combustion products from the metropolitan area around Guanabara Bay was evaluated using black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as indicators. BC concentration varied between 0.23 and 0.51%, with an increasing mass accumulation tendency over the last 118 years, whereas a decrease in the values of the ratio BC/organic carbon was observed in the upper sediment layers, probably reflecting the enhancement of bay's eutrophication process in the last 30 years. Higher concentrations of pyrolytic PAH were observed between 1925 and 1976, being consistent with the subsequent deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization that occurred in the Guanabara basin in the period. These PAHs were best characterized by the BFl/(BFl+BePy) diagnostic ratio. The data obtained allowed the characterization of the main events that influenced the combustion patterns in the region: burning of biomass and fossil fuel, economic crisis of 1970 and 1990 and the introduction of ethanol in the Brazilian energetic matrix.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130227 2281 downloads

Regional assessment of sewage contamination in sediments of the Iguaçu and the Barigui Rivers (Curitiba city, Paraná, southern Brazil) using fecal steroids
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Puerari, Lucas

; Carreira, Renato S.

; B. Neto, Artur C.

; Albarello, Lilian C.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Nov 2012, Volume 23 Nº 11 Páginas 2027 - 2034

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Esteroides derivados de fontes fecal (coprostanol, epicoprostanol e coprostanona) e mista (colesterol, colestanol e colestanona) foram analisados em 19 amostras de sedimentos superficiais, coletados em duas amostragens, por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama (GC/FID) para prover uma avaliação regional da contaminação por esgotos nos Rios Iguaçu e Barigui, no Sul do Brasil. As concentrações médias de coprostanol na coleta de verão (109 ± 122 µg g-1) e na de inverno (130 ± 116 µg g-1) em 2007, com máximo de ca. 330 µg g-1, caracterizam os sedimentos como altamente contaminados por material fecal. Razões diagnósticas usando compostos selecionados sugeriram que os efluentes domésticos são a principal fonte de contaminação, embora o esterco produzido em áreas rurais possa ter importância localizada. Os resultados mostraram que o lançamento de esgotos não tratados pode representar um risco para a saúde ambiental do sistema fluvial quando a capacidade do sistema para dispersar e diluir efluentes é reduzida em períodos de baixo fluxo de água.

Steroids derived from fecal (coprostanol, epicoprostanol and coprostanone) and mixed (cholesterol, cholestanol and cholestanone) sources were analyzed in 19 surface sediments collected in two samplings by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) in order to provide a regional assessment of the sewage contamination in the Iguaçu and Barigui Rivers, Southern Brazil. The mean concentrations of coprostanol in the Summer (109 ± 122 mg g-1) and Winter (130 ± 116 µg g-1) seasons in 2007, with maximum value of approximately 330 mg g-1, situate the studied sediments as heavily contaminated by sewage. Diagnostic ratios among selected compounds suggested that domestic effluents were the main source of contamination, although the contribution of manure from livestock might also be locally important. The results show that the release of raw sewage may pose a relevant threat to the environmental health of river systems when the capacity to disperse and dilute the effluents is reduced during periods of small river water flow.

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10.

PAHs in cultured mussels Perna perna from a Southeastern Brazilian Bay
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Yoshimine, Renato V.

; Carreira, Renato S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Ago 2012, Volume 23 Nº 8 Páginas 1429 - 1436

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A presença e a distribuição de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) foram avaliadas pela primeira vez em mexilhões cultivados na Baía de Ilha Grande, o principal polo de maricultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no sudeste do Brasil. As análises de HPASs no tecido dos mexilhões foram realizadas em triplicata por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS) em amostras compostas (cada uma com dez indivíduos), coletadas em 2011 em seis fazendas de cultivo. A concentração média para o total de HPAs (38 compostos), excluindo-se uma fazenda, foi de 14,00 ± 8,53 ng g-1, enquanto que para os 16 HPAs prioritários a média foi de 9,51 ± 4,78 ng g-1. Esses valores caracterizam os mexilhões cultivados como tendo baixo nível de contaminação por HPAs. A exceção foi a fazenda localizada em Mombaça, onde o total de HPAs de 584 ng g-1 (16 HPAs igual a 22,4 ng g-1) e o perfil dos HPAs individuais sugerem contaminação moderada por fontes petrogênicas. Todas as concentrações medidas estão abaixo do limite estabelecido por agências internacionais de meio ambiente e de saúde que podem representar risco para a saúde humana devido ao consumo de mexilhões.

The presence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated for the first time in cultured mussels at Ilha Grade Bay, the largest mariculture center in the Rio de Janeiro State, Southeast Brazil. Analyses of PAHs on soft tissue were performed in triplicate by GC-MS on composite samples (10 individuals each) collected in 2011 at six mussel farms. The mean concentration of the total PAHs (38 compounds), excluding one farm, was 14.0 ± 8.53 ng g-1, whereas the 16 priority PAHs was 9.51 ± 4.78 ng g-1. These values characterize the farmed mussels analyzed as having low level of PAH contamination. The exception was the farm in Mombaça, where the total PAHs of 584 ng g-1 (16 PAHs of 22.4 ng g-1) and the profile of individual PAHs suggest moderate contamination by petrogenic sources. All the concentrations measured were below threshold values established by environmental and health agencies as limiting to pose risk to humans by mussel consumption.

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11.

Fontes e distribuição de matéria orgânica sedimentar no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Mundaú-Manguaba/AL, utilizando esterois e alcoóis como indicadores
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Ribeiro, Maria Antonia T. S. B

; Knoppers, Bastiaan A

; Carreira, Renato S

Química Nova

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2011, Volume 34 Nº 7 Páginas 1111 - 1118

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The origin of the sedimentary organic matter in the Mundaú-Manguaba estuarine system was evaluated through the distribution and composition of sterols, alcohols and ancillary data. The muddy sediments of the lagoons are enriched in organic matter, derived from a mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous inputs. Mundaú exhibited moderate contamination by sewage, with coprostanol concentration as high as 4.4 µg g-1. The channels are characterized by sand and organic matter-poor sediments. The sediments from some rivers in the drainage basin accumulated organic matter derived only from terrestrial vegetation. Stanol/sterol ratios evidenced the preferential diagenesis of the autochthonous fraction of organic matter.

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12.

Lipídios como indicadores de fontes e distribuição de matéria orgânica particulada em um complexo estuarino-lagunar tropical (Mundaú-Manguaba, AL)
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Costa, Talitha L. F.

; Araujo, Michelle P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Knoppers, Bastiaan A.

Química Nova

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2010, Volume 33 Nº 9 Páginas 1915 - 1922

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Fatty acids, alcohols and sterols were considered as markers of the source and distribution of particulate organic matter during the dry season in the Mundaú-Manguaba estuarine-lagoon system, NE Brazil. Lipid composition showed an overwhelming influence of autochthonous sources of organic matter in all system´s compartments, including the probable occurrence of algal blooms in specific areas. On the other hand, contamination by sewage was restricted to Mundaú lagoon. This scenario differed from known conditions observed in the wet season, illustrating the usefulness of the lipid biomarker approach for the characterization of other complex and dynamic systems in the Brazilian coastal zone.

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13.

Hidrocarbonetos e esterois como indicadores de fontes e destino de matéria orgânica em sedimentos da Baía de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro
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Carreira, Renato S.

; Ribeiro, Patrícia V.

; Silva, Carlos E. M.

; Farias, Cassia O.

Química Nova

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2009, Volume 32 Nº 7 Páginas 1805 - 1811

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The inputs of organic matter derived from natural and anthropogenic sources to Sepetiba Bay were investigated by using aliphatic hydrocarbons and sterols in superficial sediments. Concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 2.65 μg g-1, <0.01 to 17.41 μg g-1 and 0.77 and 9.24 μg g-1 for n-alkanes, UCM (unresolved complex mixture) and total sterols, respectively. The selected markers and ratios among individual compounds showed the major contribution of terrestrial sources to the total pool of sedimentary organic matter in the bay, but the accumulation of autochthonous organic matter increased with distance from the shoreline. The input of petroleum hydrocarbons and sewage (coprostanol in the range 0.01 to 0.43 μg g-1) were also detected, especially in the more urbanized regions of the bay, but at lower levels of contamination when compared to estuaries in other Brazilian coastal regions.

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14.

Black carbon contents and distribution in sediments from the southeastern Brazilian coast (Guanabara Bay)
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Ribeiro, Letícia G. L.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Wagener, Angela L. R.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2008, Volume 19 Nº 7 Páginas 1277 - 1283

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As concentrações de black carbon (BC), assim como a contribuição relativa de BC para o total de carbono orgânico sedimentar, foram determinadas pela primeira vez na Baía de Guanabara. A quantificação de BC realizou-se por método térmico (CTO-375) e a de carbono orgânico por método de oxidação a seco. As concentrações de carbono orgânico apresentaram grande variabilidade entre as estações (0,82 a 10,3%), mas foi possível definir regiões distintas na Baía de acordo com parâmetros como granulometria do sedimento, localização e magnitude de fontes autóctonas e alóctonas de matéria orgânica e hidrodinamismo. As concentrações de BC foram inesperadamente baixas (0,03 a 0,31%, com média de 0,19 ± 0,07%, n = 25), levando-se em conta o largo espectro de fontes possíveis, tanto em terra como na água, para essas substâncias. No entanto, em algumas estações o BC estava presente em níveis que podem exercer influência sobre o destino de contaminantes prioritários, tais como HPA e dioxinas. Os resultados mostraram que a distribuição espacial das concentrações de BC na Baía de Guanabara é complexa e não pode ser completamente compreendida no estágio atual de conhecimento, sendo necessárias informações adicionais, tais como fontes de emissão de BC (p.ex., queima de biomassa e consumo de combustíveis) e processos de dispersão de partículas.

The concentration of black carbon (BC), as well as the relative contribution of BC to total organic carbon, was determined for the first time in sediments from Guanabara Bay. BC was quantified by a thermal oxidation method (CTO-375) and total organic carbon by dry oxidation. Sedimentary organic carbon showed a large range in concentrations (0.82 to 10.3%), but it was possible to define distinct regions of the Bay accordingly to variations in sediment grain size, location and magnitude of allochthonous and autochthonous sources of organic matter and hydrodynamic features. Low concentrations of BC were observed (0.03 to 0.31%, with a mean of 0.19 ± 0.07%, n = 25) when considering the large spectrum of possible sources on land and at sea. However, in some stations levels are sufficiently high as to influence the fate of pollutants of concern, such as PAH and dioxins. The space distribution of BC concentrations in Guanabara Bay cannot be fully understood at this stage since further information on contributions from various sources and on natural dispersion processes are required.

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A comparison between faecal sterols and coliform counts in the investigation of sewage contamination in sediments
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Costa, Renata Lima da

; Carreira, Renato S.

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

Métricas do periódico
- Sobre o periódico
- SciELO Analytics

Dez 2005, Volume 53 Nº 3-4 Páginas 157 - 167

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Em setembro de 2002, foram coletadas nove amostras de sedimento superficial (0-2 cm) na Enseada de Botafogo (sudoeste da Baía de Guanabara/RJ), a fim de comparar o uso de marcadores químicos (coprostanol) e biológicos (E. coli e coliformes totais) na identificação da contaminação fecal da região. Os resultados obtidos (carbono orgânico - 6,0 to 64,8 mg g-1; coprostanol - 1,4 to 105 µg g-1; E. coli - < 30 to 2400 NMP/10g e coliformes totais - 40 to 9300 NMP/10g) foram iguais ou maiores aos observados em outras áreas contaminadas da Baía de Guanabara. Nas estações próximas à linha de costa, as concentrações de coprostanol e as contagens das bactérias confirmaram que o esgoto doméstico se acumulou no sedimento da enseada. As concentrações de coprostanol se mantiveram altas nas estações distantes das fontes de contaminação, porém o material fecal representou uma menor fração do carbono orgânico. Nessas mesmas estações, redução na contagem de colimetria foi proporcionalmente mais alta, provavelmente pela baixa sobrevivência das bactérias devido ao efeito de luz, salinidade e temperatura. durante o transporte e deposição das partículas de esgoto. Portanto, baseando-se nos resultados obtidos, o coprostanol foi um indicador mais adequado da contaminação fecal nos sedimentos da Enseada de Botafogo.

In September 2002, nine sediment samples (0-2 cm) were collected from Botafogo Cove (southwestern part of Guanabara Bay) in order to compare the use of chemical (coprostanol) and biological markers (E. coli and total coliforms) in identifying faecal contamination. The values found (organic carbon - 6.0 to 64.8 mg g-1; coprostanol - 1.4 to 105 µg g-1; E. coli - < 30 to 2400 NMP/10g and total coliforms - 40 to 9300 NMP/10g) were similar to or even higher than those observed in other contaminated areas of Guanabara Bay. In stations close to the shoreline, both coprostanol concentration and bacteria count confirmed that domestic sewage had accumulated in the cove. Coprostanol concentrations were still relatively high in the stations furthest from contamination sources, although faecal material represented a smaller fraction of the total organic carbon originated by dilution in waters containing algae. Reduction was proportionately higher by virtue of the use of the colimetric assessment method. This result may be associated with the effect that environmental variables (light, salinity, temperature) may have on the survival of bacteria during transport and deposition of sewage particles. Consequently, based on these results, coprostanol may be considered the better indicator of the faecal contamination level in Botafogo Cove sediments.

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